1 2 Minka, Ndazo Salka; Ayo, Joseph (2014). “Influence of cold–dry (harmattan) season on colonic temperature and the development of pulmonary hypertension in broiler chickens, and the modulating effect of ascorbic acid”. Open Access Animal Physiology: 1. doi:10.2147/OAAP.S51741.
1 2 “Harmattan”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 7 năm 2015.
↑ Climate and Land Degradation (ISBN3540724370, 2007): "At the southern fringe of the Sahara Desert, a special dry and hot wind, locally termed Harmattan, occurs."
↑ Geographical Review (1919): "Knox writes of this wind: The Harmattan is experienced as a wind which blows, especially in the months of December, January, and February, from the NE. and is a hot wind in some localities and a cold wind in others, according to circumstances."
